Adult orthodontics

Introduction: more than a century of progress in orthodontic treatment in adult

1.- Potential adult patients for orthodontics - Who are they?
Introduction. - Who are the patients?. - How do patients express their needs?. - The first visit. - Communication with the patient. - Summary. - References.

2.- Diagnosis: Main complaint and problem list
Introduction. - Preparation of a list of problems - the interview - the main complaint. - General Health. - Clinical examination. - Extrabucal examination. - Extrabucal photographs. - Function of the masticatory system. - Intrafal analysis - oral health. - Evaluation of dental models - form of the arcade. - Occlusal analysis. -Analysis of space. - Cefalometric analysis. - Definitive list of problems. - Indication for treatment. - The presentation of the list of problems - the tip of the iceberg. - Final comments. - References.

3.- etiology
Introduction. - Biological basis. - Etiology of malocclusion in adults. - Skeleton changes related to age. - Changes in the craniofacial skeleton related to age. - Changes in the local environment related to age. - Consequences of deterioration of dentition. - Case reports. - Conclusion. - References.

4.- Interdisciplinary treatment versus multidisciplinary treatment
Interdisciplinary or multidisciplinary treatment. - Establishment of an interdisciplinary team. - Sequence of treatment. - Essential and optional treatment procedures. - Interaction during treatment. - Treatment subsequent to orthodontics. - Patient satisfaction. - Examples of interdisciplinary cases. - References.

5.- Treatment planning: the otv 3D
Determination of the objective of the treatment. - Production of an occlusogram. - Combination of occlusogram with cephalic radiography. - The computerized occlusogram. - In response to the needs of the patient. - Orthodontic treatment: Art or Science?. - References.

6.- Tissue reaction
Orthopedic effects - Orthodontic effects in adult patients. - References.

7.- Design of the device
Introduction. - Definition of the required forces system. - Evaluation of the anchor. - Sequence of treatment in phases. - Selection and design of the device. - Sliding mechanics. - Segmented mechanics. - Conclusion. - References.

8.- Anchor problems
Introduction. - Definition. - Classification of anchor. - Intramaxillary anchor. - Anchor provided by the soft tissue. - Free anchor. - Intermaxillary anchor. - Occlusion. - Differential moment of force application. - Extraoral anchor. - Skeletal anchor. - References.

9.- Accession problems related to rehabilitated adult dentitions
Introduction. - Brackets. - Fundamentals of adherence. - Adhesion to crowns and restorations. - Decellent. - Reconditioning of stainless steel attachments. - Placement of bands. - Auxiliary attachments. - References.

10.- Inherent adverse reactions to orthodontic material
Introduction. - Fixed devices. - Adhesion and materials for the cemented bands. - Removable devices. - Miscellaneous materials. - Final comments. - References.

11.- Patients with periodontal problems
Prevalence of periodontal disease. - Maloclusion and periodontal disease. - Orthodontics and periodontal disease. - Indications for orthodontic treatment in patients with periodontal commitment. - Treatment of patients with higher incisors in labioversion and extruded. - Tissue reaction to the intrusion of teeth with horizontal bone loss. - Treatment of patients with vertical bone defects. - What are the periodontal limits for orthodontic dental movement?. - Sequence of treatment in patients with periodontal commitment. - Conclusion with respect to the influence of orthodontic treatment in the periodontal state. - References.

12.- A systematic approach to the orthodontic treatment of previous teeth with periodontal commitment
Gingival retraction in a single tooth. - Progressive spacing of incisors. - Case reports. - Handling the teeth with periodontal commitment. - References.

13.- Interdisciplinary Collaboration between Orthodontics and Periodontics
Introduction. - Periodontal diagnosis. - Preparation of history, clinical and radiographic examination. - Detection of periodontal disease. - Local factors that predispose to periodontal therapy. - Treatment moment orthodontics Periodontics. - Periodontal therapy. - Surgical therapy. - Mucogingival and aesthetic surgery. - Treatment with regenerative surgery. - Periodontal support treatment. - Orthodontic and multidisciplinary clinical cases. - Conclusion. - References.

14.- The link between orthodontics and prostheses
Introduction. - Edentulism and space management: the mesiodistal dimension. - The vertical dimension. - Orthodontic extrusion technique. - Orthodontics, periodontal disease and prosthetic ferulization. - Conclusion. - Acknowledgments. - References.

15.- Patients with problems of temporomandibular joint (ATM)
Orthodontics and dysfunction. - Controversy in literature in relation to DTM and occlusion. - Treatment and DTM. - Treatment of articular clicks. - Orthodontic treatment of patients with DTM. - Organization of treatment. - Conclusion. - References.

16.- Patients with temporomandibular disorders
Introduction. - Classification and epidemiology. - Diagnostic procedures. - Risk and etiology factors. - Physiopathology. - Management. - Summary. - References.

17.- Invisalign®: So many answers asking questions
Is Invisalign® new? - How does Invisalign work? - What are the pretreatment considerations? - How does the Invisalign system differ from conventional orthodontics? - What characterizes patients who apply for treatment with Invisalign? - What is the most favorable approach to resolve crowding in patients treated with Invisalign? - How can alternatives to Rei be evaluated? - What are the problems related to the resolution of crowding? - When are the extractions indicated? - Does the Invisalign treatment plan differ from a regular orthodontic treatment plan? - How is an adequate impression for the Invisalign system taken? - What is required for evaluation with Clincheck®? - What material are the aligns made? - What are the attackers of the aligner? - How are attaches manufactured in the teeth? - What should be controlled after the insertion of the aligners? - What are the consequences of good or bad adapted from the aligner? - What happens if you lose an aligner? - What can be done if a severe discrepancy between Clincheck® and the clinical situation becomes evident during treatment? - What can be done if a slight discrepancy between Clincheck® and the clinical situation becomes evident at the end of the treatment? - How can complications be avoided during treatment with the Invisalign system? - References.

18.- Progressive interproximal wear technology
Definition and objectives. - Anthropological justification of interproximal wear. - Influence of proximal wear on dental plaque, caries and periodontal disease. Indications. - Contraindications. - Advantages of interproximal wear. - What amount of enamel can be worn? - Special considerations. - Instrument for interproximal wear. - Progressive interproximal wear technique. - Case reports. - References.

19.- Post-treatment maintenance
¿Stability ?. - Biological maintenance. - Mechanical maintenance - retention. - Intermaxillary retention. - Active retention plates. - Conclusion. - References.

20.- What are the limits of orthodontic treatment?
What determines the limits? - References. - Index.